Project Proposal for Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Project for Paper - Research Proposal Example 262). Cybercrime can take on many shapes and forms. It can begin as something seemingly harmless, and rise to one of the gravest threats to personal and national security that exists today. It is also a troubling trend that the majority of the perpetrators of such crimes appear be young people under the age of 26. They often justify their actions initially as harmless hacking just for fun, but they quickly realize that their actions could prove to be quite lucrative. The harm done to victims of cybercrime, however, are immense. It is important to note that cybercrime does not only involve a financial element. There are crimes being committed that involve spam, harassment, threats, child pornography, and child endangerment just to name a few (Lee, 2012, p. 14). This proposal will detail the reasons why cybercrime is a serious issue today and explore the basis for future research and study that will be conducted in this area. Problem Statement The problem is that cybercrime has become so pervasive in society today and many people are fearful of the damage, both psychological and and financial, that can be perpetrated on them via technology. In addition, the problem has persisted to the point that it is costing society hundreds of millions of dollars a year in damages and preventative measures. Network security has been compromised to the point that clients and IT professionals globally has lost trust in conducting many types of electronic commerce transactions. Tremendous and organized efforts are currently underway to tackle this problem, but it is requiring an inordinate amount of manpower and resources, further compounding the financial cost to society. In addition, resources are having to be reallocated to this area, limiting technological progress and business expansion that could be otherwise achieved, largely owed to the sophistication that the average cyber criminal is exhibiting today (Gray, 2004; Lin, Fofanah, & Liang, 2011). This is a problem and issue that is serious and requires immediate attention. The rapid globalization take place today requires technological innovation. Companies and countries around the world are in a constant struggle to maintain a competitive advantages over others in the same industry (Kolsaker & Lee-Kelley, 2008). Cybercrime has impacted companies by threatening their infrastructure and their financial well being. Furthermore, cybercrime has impacted the countries around the world by enhancing certain espionage activities that serve the threaten and raises issues of national security across the board. Finally, cybercrime impacts the individual citizen on multiple fronts. Identity theft, for example, has become a common method of cybercrime whereby an individual’s very identity is stolen for personal gain. Not only does this create a loss of trust in technology by the victim, but it can create immense financial and emotional trouble that can take years to unravel and correct. In addition, compute r crime has made it much easier for a certain criminal element to prey on innocent children around the world. These issues alone demonstrate the importance of examining this problem with a united and global front. Let us now examine the relevance and significance of this proposed study. Relevance and Significance The security

Adventurous Days in Florida Essay Essay Example for Free

Adventurous Days in Florida Essay Essay There are three incredible reasons I would want to convince someone to go to the state of Florida. The warm, hard to believe weather, the fun beaches, and incredible, outstanding boardwalks are great reasons to go to Florida. These three things go hand in hand as well. You can spend all day at the beach, but if you have children you are sure to end up at the boardwalk, but with the nice weather Florida has, it is no problem. There are more than three reasons for me to convince you to go to warm state of Florida; however, these are three of the best. The weather is always nice, and you never have to worry about snow storms. Sun block is advised if you burn easily, but it is nice weather for tanning. Family activities go on year round. Florida is a very active state due to their amazing weather. You can do just about anything in Florida as far as sports go, because the weather is so unusual. You wear whatever you want due to the fact it is never too cold and never too hot. All these things are terrific things about the weather in Florida. Beaches have advantages and disadvantages, but if you read these great tips you will be just fine. The water can cool you off after a long day at work or even a day after the board walk; however, sun block is strongly advised. The best part about the beach is it is convenient for everyone, because the beach is there for swimming, tanning, fun, family activities, sports, exercise, and you can even take your dog on a nice walk out there. With the many people there though, you must make sure you keep a good eye on your children at all times. There are so many things at the beach that you can do and it is free, unlike water parks. Lastly, the fun-filled boardwalk every child wants to adventure. There are so many rides, arcades, food areas, and shopping areas, and as you are doing these things you can sit back and eat while enjoying the nice sounds of the waves, or even get up and join the activity all around you. The boardwalk has many nice things to do, and the rides are there for almost everyone, of course you must be a certain height. The food and drinks are not expensive and nothing beats time with the family. Their boardwalk is like our Oklahoma State Fair times ten, considering all their rides, food stands, selling tents, and arcades. They have hotels right outside this area just for the convenience; therefore, you will spend many nights just gazing at the stars and listening to the soothing, relaxing waves. This is why the boardwalk is so adventurous and a must do deal there in Florida. So, as you can see, Florida has so much fun, action packed stuff in just these three things that I have listed. These are not the only three things in the state of Florida worth going. You will have a great time here, and this is where I would suggest a vacation because of the nice relaxing feel it has there. Sure there are other places that have these same things but not the perfect weather all year round. With all this being said, this is why I would convince you to visit Florida.

Energy Production Essay -- Environment, Natural Gas

In today’s society, it’s nearly impossible to open a newspaper, fire up a computer, or hold a conversation that isn’t someway related to energy. Since the beginning of the industrial revolution over a century and a half ago, nothing has been more pivotal to mankind’s rise to power as the apex species of planet earth. Had our ancestors not discovered the potential of using million year old plant and animal remains to create combustible power, the world would look very different. There is no denying that energy production is one of, if not, the most important developments in human history. After a hundred and fifty years of recklessly burning oil and coal, we find ourselves having to deal with the literal mess unforeseen by our industrious forefathers. No longer can the repercussions of our unsustainable addiction to fossil fuels be ignored nor can we defer the task of finding a solution to the next generation of humans. â€Å"Energy use and its cost are rising worldwide, most countries remain dependent on oil imports, and little progress has been made toward curbing climate change† (Deutch 2011). This inconvenient truth has left governments, environmentalists, and consumers scrambling to develop a way to provide massive amounts of energy at an affordable cost while significantly reducing our harmful carbon emissions. In a perfect world alternative, clean energy should have been pursued intensively when true magnitude of oil instability was first revealed in the 1970’s but better late than never. There are dozens, if not hundreds of oil and coal alternatives that are being considered, however, while many options look promising in theory the overwhelming majority of them such as: wind, solar, and biofuel just aren’t economically feas... ...to guide the design of the study. The initial research results from the study are expected until the end of 2012 with a goal for a report in 2014. ANH International. "About Us | ANH International." Welcome to Alliance for Natural Health International | ANH International. 03 Mar. 2011. Web. 03 Mar. 2011. . ANH-USA 1. "A Huge Fracking Mess." Welcome to the Alliance for Natural Health - USA. 23 Feb. 2011. Web. 03 Mar. 2011. . ANH-USA 2. "Campaigns." Welcome to the Alliance for Natural Health - USA. 03 Mar. 2011. Web. 03 Mar. 2011. . ANH-USA 3. "Overview." Welcome to the Alliance for Natural Health - USA. 03 Mar. 2011. Web. 03 Mar. 2011. .

Death Penalty :: essays research papers

Death Penalty and Issues of Deterrence For members of society who are retentionists and want to keep the death penalty, its deterrent effects are one of their primary arguments. But there is no conclusive evidence that the death penalty deters would-be criminals from their act of violence. Countless studies have shown that the murder rate in the United States has not gone down since the states were allowed to kill in 1976. In reality, the murder rate has increased, due to the brutalization factor that the punishment creates. There should be no doubt that the death penalty is an expensive, brutal, and ineffective deterrent to crime. Though there isn’t much evidence that proves the death penalty deters crime, there is plenty of evidence and studies that prove it does not. The latest FBI Uniform Crime Report shows that in 2000, the national murder rate decreased 3.1 % from 1999, with the smallest decline in the South. The South remains the region with the highest murder rate, 6.8 victims per 100,000, compared to 5.1 in the West and Midwest, and 4.0 in the Northeast. Since the death penalty was reinstated, over 80% of all executions have occurred in the South, the region with the highest murder rate. The Northeast, the region with the lowest murder rate, has accounted for less than 1% of the executions. A survey done by the New York Times also found that states without the death penalty have lower homicide rates than states with the death penalty. The Times report states that ten of the twelve states without the death penalty have homicide rates below the national average, whereas half of the states with the death penalty have homicide rates above (New York Times, 2/19/00). During the last 20 years, the homicide rate in states with the death penalty has been 48%-101% higher than in states without the death penalty. There are many more studies that show where the death penalty exists, there is a higher murder rate. According to statistics from the latest FBI Uniform Crime Report, regions of the country that use the death penalty the least are the safest for police officers. Police are most in danger in the South, which accounts for 80% of all executions (90% in 2000). From 1989-1998, 292 law enforcement officers were feloniously killed in the South, 125 in the West, 121 in the Midwest, and 80 in the Northeast, the region with the fewest executions.

My Ideal Job as a Teacher

ECONOMIC Impact of business Closure in Claiborne County, Mississippi Abstract Historically Claiborne and other counties in the region depended on small-scale agriculture and was an attractive location for light manufacturing. Today, many of these advantages have been lost and firms that made up the bulk of the economic activities in the areas are disappearing in large numbers. Hence, per capita income falls and people migrate to more prosperous areas, leaving the region deeply depressed. Using descriptive as well as inferential methods to analyze data, results show interesting trends, especially with regard to business migration.Socioeconomic variable are largely responsible for business closure that have seriously devastated the economic well-being of the county. This means that every effort should be made to improve social conditions and improve the educational system. ECONOMIC Impact of Business Closure in Claiborne County, Mississippi Introduction: Traditionally, Mississippi is o ne of the poorest states in the United States with agriculture as the mainstay of the economy. It is the second in the nation in cotton production exceeded only by Texas.Mississippi is also the world’s largest producer of pond-raised catfish and the leading shrimp producing state in the U. S. A. The comparative underdevelopment of the state has been worsened in recent years by the closure of several manufacturing businesses both during the periods of economic boom and especially so during the economic downturn. Hypothesis: The general objective of this study is to establish predominant reasons for the closure of major jobs providing industries in Claiborne County. I believe the general cause of business closure is that per capita income dictates the purchasing power of the community which does impact business losure based on information obtained from former business owners. Materials: 1. Listing of former business (Port Gibson Main Street) 2. Former Business Owners 3. Data fr om local school district 4. Data from United States Census Bureau 5. Spread sheet Procedure: 1. Interviewed former business owners 2. Obtained data from my local school district 3. Obtained data from Mississippi Unemployment Commission 3. Obtained data from the United States Census Bureau 4. Complied data Results: Per capital income, unemployment rate, graduation and poverty rate all are significant for Claiborne County.However, while other factors may be instrumental in promoting business development and retention, socioeconomic variable play a crucial role and should not be underestimated in policy decisions geared at attracting and retaining businesses in Claiborne County, Mississippi. Conclusion: In my conclusion, concerns for improvement in quality of rural communities are forced on business development. Many rural communities are normally classed by weak economies due to their dependency on agro based and externally owned businesses. The survival of businesses, especially smal l scale business has positive impact on the rural economies.Therefore, business closure is a major constraint to economic growth and should be avoided at all cost. With a better understanding that the main contributing factors to business failure in Claiborne County are of social and economic nature, greater effort can be made to improve these conditions; to not only attract new businesses, but to retain them after they have been established. Map showing location of Claiborne County [pic] Conceptual Model Per Capita Income: Changes in Per Capita Income reflect economic development in a community. Unemployment Rate:Grand Gulf Nuclear Power Plant is one of the largest employers located in this county. Very few other business entities have come to the area. As with several surrounding cities and neighborhoods, the recent closing and downsizing of businesses have made the unemployment rates increase. Poverty Rate: The rate of poverty is an important social indicator of the well-being of America’s poor. It is also a useful tool to help shape Federal policies aimed at helping the needy. Poverty still remains a problem in many communities especially in rural areas. High School Graduation Rate:Human capital development in terms of formal education is a important tool for community development. It has become a strategy for community restructuring. Increasing changes in the structure of businesses require that some level of formal education be attained. The levels of education in rural communities are however dismal. ———————– Business Closure Business Failure in Claiborne County Lead To: Poverty Rate Unemployment Rate Per Capita Income High School Graduation Rate Poor Housing Infrastructure Low Economic Well-being of Residents Low Labor Force Migration Poor Schools and Other Infrastructure

The 9 Worst Pieces of Advice for College Graduates

The 9 Worst Pieces of Advice for College Graduates When you’re a new graduate, everybody and their uncle has advice for you. And everyone you talk to will assure you that their advice is the key. They can’t all be right. Avoid getting advice fatigue by keeping a keen ear out for some of these clunkers. They’re usually well-meaning, but can often knock you off your path. Here are  9 of the worst (and yet very common) bits of advice to  college graduates.1. â€Å"Go to grad school†Do not pass â€Å"go.† Do not collect $200. Delay the inevitable. Stay in school and get more degrees and be guaranteed more money when you graduate the next time. Sound good? For some, it is. For some fields, a Master’s or even PhD will be required. But for others, it’s just an expensive place to hide out from the real world. Unless you’re truly passionate about a career or field of study that requires advanced degrees, do a bit of soul searching to make sure grad school is right for you before you decide to apply automatically and end up wasting years and thousands upon thousands of dollars on something you won’t use in your future career.2. â€Å"Just show up and ask for a job!†You’ve got a dream job or a dream company. Right? Everybody has a goal. But sometimes the well-meaning grandparent or drunk uncle will tell you just to go on into that office and show them what you’ve got! They’ll have to reward your gumption and enthusiasm with a job! Right? Wrong. This is a rookie move which will betray your lack of experience and knowledge of how the work world works. The more conventional job search route, albeit slow and sometimes frustrating, will work out better for you.  3. â€Å"Hide your tattoos†It probably used to be true that tattoos could disqualify an applicant. But that’s not necessarily the truth now. There are plenty of industries and more creative fields where your individual style could be an asset in showing how we ll you’d fit into a company culture. Use your discretion, obviously. But on occasion, it’s okay to bare your ink.4. â€Å"You need to get a job in your industry right away†In other words: if you get an interim job that doesn’t have anything to do with your chosen profession, you’ll have killed your chances before you’ve even begun. Not true. If you can’t find a job in your dream field right away, then you can and should look for jobs in other industries or fields that will give you a boost in skills or experience that can easily translate into the job you ultimately want. Learn as much as you can, realize that diversifying your talents and experience might even make you an asset someday, and keep an open mind.5. â€Å"You should teach†Did you study humanities in undergrad? Does no one understand why? Think you have no viable career prospects? Write you off before you’ve even begun your professional life with the assumpti on that teaching is the only job available to you? Unless teaching is actually your calling, smile and nod and walk away.6. The Get Rich Quick SchemeAgain with the drunk uncle. Or the corner-cutting acquaintance who tells you about that opportunity just too amazing to pass up. Avoid any shortcuts that people dangle under your nose. There is no instant wealth or renown to be had without hard work and perseverance. Don’t stop chipping steadily away at your goals, and don’t put all (or even most) of your savings into an investment opportunity, no matter how enthusiastic your bro is that it’s the next big thing.  7. â€Å"You have to give it your all all the time†100% or 110% all day every day for the rest of your career is actually impossible. Certainly there are times when you’ll need to go all out, and times when you’ll have to work even harder than that in pursuit of a particular project or goal. But there are other times when you’l l need to take your foot off the gas and catch your breath. It’s okay to slow your pace now and again to avoid burnout. Just choose your moments carefully so as not to interfere with your goals and progress toward meeting them.8. â€Å"Follow your bliss†Do what you love and love what you do, right? Well†¦ sometimes it’s not quite so easy as that. While following your dreams is always a good idea, don’t just expect that everything will fall magically into place because you’re pursuing something you care deeply about. You still have to be smart. Save money. Strategize how to be on solid financial footing and don’t get lazy. Risks are one thing. Being stupid and expecting the money will just fall out of the sky is another†¦\9. â€Å"Get a stable job and stay there†This is the advice of a dying generation. A stable job is great. Job security, benefits, good money. All great. But settling isn’t. If you get stuck in a job y ou don’t really enjoy and which doesn’t challenge you too soon in your career, it could really hurt both your productivity and your earning potential. Not to mention your qi. Find a balance between following your bliss and providing for yourself and your future. If you hit that sweet spot, then you’re good to go. Steady sailing from here on out.

Figures of Speech Essay Example

Figures of Speech Essay Example Figures of Speech Essay Figures of Speech Essay Poets use different figures of address to convey the message of their plants. Some poets use metaphors or similes to perplex the head and coerce the organic structure to experience and see the images created while others use paradox. exaggerations. or wordplaies to make the same consequence. A good verse form should affect all the senses and do the head work to happen significance. William Blake uses metaphors to do the head work overtime to happen multiple significances in his work To See a World in a Grain of Sand . while Chidiock Tichborne uses paradox to perplex the head and repeat the individual significance in his work Elegy. Write With His Own Hand Before His Execution .To See a World in a Grain of Sand by William Blake is a short verse form that is filled with deep significance. Through the usage of metaphors and word pick the work seems drawn-out to the head but short to the oculus. A metaphor is a statement that one thing is something else. but in a actual sense it is not ( Kennedy 817 ) . A metaphor is filled with suggestion giving a simple line of poesy about infinite significances. To See the World in a Grain of Sand ( 1 ) is a statement that is loaded with suggestion.There are many similarities between a grain of sand and the universe such as: the universe is made up of many grains of sand. both are unit of ammunition. and both are the same stuff to call a few. The two objects are besides so different that that the line of poesy leaves the head scrambling to calculate out the signifi cance of this word combination. To calculate out the intending 1 must look at the actual significances of the words and the nonliteral significance of the word combinations to unscramble the conundrum.On the actual degree one must look at the cardinal words in the line such as universe. grain. and sand and happen their definitions and how they relate to the other words in the line. By definition universe is the Earth or Universe grain is a comparatively little particle and sand is loose grains of worn or disintegrated rock ( On Line Dictionary ) . The intensions of these words in the context of this line help the encephalon to understand that an object of immense size or measure is being compared to something really little.One of the many significances that could come from this statement is its difficult to see the large image of something while merely looking at one little item. This is merely one significance suggested through this powerful line. Every line in Blake’s verse form is a metaphor that is filled with suggestion and deep significance. Hold eternity in the thenar of your manus. and infinity in an hour ( 3 ) is another metaphor Blake uses to perplex the head. Infinity is An unbound infinite. clip. or measure while infinity is time without get downing or end ( On Line Dictionary ) .It is hard for the head to penetrate these words when looked at entirely. but in the context of the verse form it is even more hard to understand how one could suit such a mass into a manus or an hr. On the actual degree the head says it is impossible to grok so one must look to the nonliteral significance to grok what is being said. One of the many significances of this line is the same as the first ; it is difficult to see the large image while merely looking at one little item. Blake’s word pick besides helps the significance of the verse form.If Blake were to utilize similes instead than metaphors the work would take on different significance. If the line and infinity into an hour ( 4 ) were changed to infinity is like an hr the work would take on a more limited significance. When like is put into the line. infinity and hr become straight related where as in the first line infinity is seeking to be fit into an hr. A similar consequence would happen if the line heaven in a wild flower ( 2 ) were changed to heaven is like a wild flower. Heaven would be compared straight to a flower which would alter the significance of this line and therefore the verse form.Blake used metaphors and word pick to compose a verse form that is short. but contains deepness. Every word and metaphor in To See the World in a Grain of Sand was carefully arranged to give the verse form a wide significance that could be interpreted in many different ways. In contrast Chidiock Tichborne uses word pick and paradox to convey his limited significance in the work Elegy. Written With His Own Hand in the Tower Before His Execution . A paradox is a statement that at fir st work stoppages us as self-contradictory but on contemplation makes some sense ( Kennedy 826 ) .Tichborne’s work is filled with paradoxes. and is summed up by the paradox at the terminal of each stanza And now I live. and now my life is done ( 6 ) . When looking at the chief lines in the verse form as they reoccur at the terminal of each stanza one wonders how it is possible to be alive now and besides dead at the same clip. Upon closer scrutiny of the work the other lines help the encephalon figure out the paradox. To do sense of the cardinal thought it must be looked at in the context of the other lines in the work. Each line in the work is a paradox that is cardinal to understanding the cardinal thought of the verse form.My young person is spent. yet I am non old ( 9 ) is one of the lines that mirrors the chief point. Youth is defined as the status of being immature while old is defined as holding lived for a comparatively long clip ( On Line Dictionary ) . When looking at these definitions one understands that the storyteller has used up their young person. but has non grown old. This could be restated as And now I live. and now my life is done . I sought my decease. and found it in my womb ( 13 ) is another restatement of the cardinal thought of the verse form. Sought means to look for or seek out. so the storyteller is looking for his terminal ( On Line Dictionary ) .Found is to come upon something by seeking. and uterus is a topographic point where something is generated. so the found his decease was where he began ( On Line Dictionary ) . After looking at these definitions we realize that the storyteller has non to the full lived youth allow alone life and is approximately to decease. The two poets demonstrated different figures of address O convey their message. Blake used metaphors to give his work multiple significances while Tichborne used paradox to repeat his cardinal thought. The two verse forms are really different from each other but both challenge the head and organic structure to happen significance doing both great plants of literature. :

The Theme of Love in Romeo and Juliet Essay Example

The Theme of Love in Romeo and Juliet Essay Example The Theme of Love in Romeo and Juliet Paper The Theme of Love in Romeo and Juliet Paper Heres much to do with hate but more with love This quotation from Romeo can in fact describe the whole play. The word more shows the power of love to overcome hatred. However, in Romeo and Juliet there are several different types of love demonstrated. For example, characters such as Mercutio can be seen using sexual innuendos and bawdy language. In the play, there is evidence of brotherly love, shown to Romeo by Benvolio; motherly love from the Nurse towards Juliet; and fatherly love shown by Friar Lawrence towards Romeo; a suitor who offers wealth and power, is shown in the character of Paris. On one hand there is Romeo and Juliet who show a very passionate and romantic form of love. Romeo and Juliets love is different from everyone elses thoughts. For them, marriage is completely based upon true love. Others, it may be for power, wealth and recognition.Romeo is one of the protagonists in the play. He comes across as a very romantic and mature teenager who feels the in the deepest l ove for Juliet who he met at Lord Capulets party. O she doth teach the torches to burn bright. What is her mother? These are his words to Nurse and her answer reveals that his to see if only love has come from his only hate.But this is not the first time Romeo was in love.He loves Rosaline in the beginning of the play because that is what he thinks is the manly thing to do. But later he falls in love with Juliet. But once he has set his eyes on her, he completely forgets about Rosaline. Romeo presents Rosaline as having wit and being strong, as she will not be hit with Cupids arrow(Act 1 scene 1, lines 203-204), she lives unharmed(line 205) which means secure against his advances is rich in beauty.Mercutios attitude towards love is very sarcastic; it is uses bawdy humour and innuendo. Mercutio is always twisting words so that they become rude. One innuendo he uses would beAn open-arse, thou poprin pear. Mercutio is not at all a the person who would show any sign of affection, but a person who would joke about love and feelings. He mocks Romeo when he hears about Romeos love for Rosaline. Sampson, Gregory and the Nurse all use bawdy humour, but Mercutio is the wittiest. this is the hag, when maids lie on their backs, That presses them and learns them first to bear, making them women of good carriage. This is she- He is constantly punning, this shows how he generally behaves. Mercutio does not provide much help to the love of Romeo and Juliet mainly because he doesnt know about their secret love, but even if he did know he is the kind of character who would mock. He thinks that Romeo is wasting his time with Rosaline, and mocks him.At the beginning of Act 2 Scene 3, Friar Lawrence thinks that Romeo. He treats Romeo like a son, as Friar has known him since he was born.Young son, it argues a distemperd head which means that Romeo, a young man should be getting sleep and shouldnt be disturbedBut where unbruised youth with unstuffd brain meaning Romeo shoudnt have a ny worries when going to sleep unlike an older man like Friar Lawrence that stay awake with worries.Friar Lawrence is happy when Romeo says I have forgot that name when he is asked about Rosaline. Young Romeo then tells Frair Lawrence that he is certain he loves Juliet. Friar Lawrence then goes to mock Romeo by sayingNot truly in their hearts, but in their eyes Friar Lawrence does not believe Romeo is really in love, but only cares about their appearance i.e. their looks. Friar Lawrence shows love in this scene towards Romeo by taking great interests in what he is doing, but also by doing the type of things a father would do. The sweetest honey is loathsome in his own deliciousness The Friar says this to Romeo suggesting that anticipation is more than what it turns out to be.Friar Lawrence marries the couple and tries to help them whenever possible. He wants the best for them and thinks that if they marry then possibly the feuding will end; In one respect Ill thy assistant be: for t his may so happy prove, to turn your households rancour to pure loveThe Nurse in Romeo and Juliet is a character who is treats Juliet as her own child. She has always been looking after Juliet since she was a baby. Even though Juliets real mother is Lady Capulet, she does not seem to be so interested in her. People only hired people like the Nurse if they were very wealthy and powerful. Juliet and the Nurse are closer to each other than Juliet and lady Capulet have ever been. The nurse has a blunt attitude towards love and sex, but s affectionate and loving woman who wants Juliet to be happy. In the beginning, the nurse aids Juliets love for Romeo but in the end she tries to persuade Juliet to marry Paris.Old Capulet has a certain type of love towards his daughter Juliet; he has never really bonded with her a lot. Capulet was saying just before how his daughter is really young to be married and soon marrd are those so early made but Paris is arguing and saying that there are girls y ounger than Juliet that have got married. This means that Capulet, as a concerned father thinks those who get married too young could end up being hurt, and if Juliet does not choose Paris as the one she loves, he should love her anyway. I think he shows a caring side here because he is worried about the age of Juliet. He also says if Juliet picks Paris out as someone she loves then Capulet will agree. When the audience hear Lord Capulet in act 4, scene 5 and act 5 scene 4 they would be shocked because due to his sudden reaction when he hears that Juliet refuses to marry Paris. He is so angry that he cant keep his feelings in.Benvolio is Romeos cousin, and is also one of his closest relatives. He definitely shows a very caring character treating Romeo with respect, as if he was his brother. He is always advising Romeo what to do. Be ruld by me, forget to think of her, by giving liberty into mine eyes, examine other beautiesTybalt is part of the Capulet family and is very protective over what his family represent. He is willing to fight for his life, as we can see with an incident occurring with Romeo. When Tybalt realises that his most hated enemies are attending their party, he goes straight to the head of the house (Capulet) and complains he wants them to leave at once. Tis he, that villain Romeo. Capulet considers the ideas of Tybalt but realises that there will be an uproar and the party will most likely be spoilt. Content thee, gentle coz, let him alone, A bears him like a portly gentlemanParis is the man whom Capulet wants Juliet to marry. Paris explains his feelings for Juliet to Capulet. It seems that Paris does love Juliet because when Romeo kills him he asks to be put in her tomb, If thou be merciful, Open the tomb, lay me with Juliet.In conclusion, the play of Romeo and Juliet, shows many different types of love. Romantic and true love compared with courtly unrequited love and the sexual love of Mercutio. It also compares the fatherly love of the Fr iar with that of Capulet and the motherly love of the nurse with that of Lady Capulet. Benvolio and Tybalt meanwhile illustrate brotherly love and the extreme love of the family name. In the play, it is less to do with love and more about wealth and family status. In act 5, scene 3, Romeo resolves to kill himself that night in Capulets monument. I think this is a brave decision, because it shows the depth of his love for Juliet. It is extremely romantic act this love feel I, that feel no love in this. The Theme of Love in Romeo and Juliet Essay Example The Theme of Love in Romeo and Juliet Essay The Theme of Love in Romeo and Juliet Essay Essay Topic: Romeo and Juliet William Shakespeare presents love in different forms. He presents loving family loyalty whenever rivals brawl to protect family honour. Baz Luhrmann sets the civil brawl in a petrol station – unlike Shakespeare’s setting – symbolising the situation’s volatility; Tybalt ignites petrol by dropping his cigarette, thus representing the spark that ignites the brawl. Shakespeare later shows Tybalts strong family loyalty: â€Å"Now by the stock and honour of my kin, to strike him dead I hold it not a sin. † Tybalt must passionately love Capulets, to risk his life and kill someone, for family honour. Shakespeare portrays love between rivals when Lady Montague commands Montague: â€Å"Thou shalt not stir one foot to seek a foe † thus protecting Capulets. Capulet protects Romeo from Tybalt: â€Å"I would not for the wealth of all this town Here in my house do him disparagement;† Shakespeare’s Romeo was uninvited, so Capulet protecting him suggests stronger love between rivals than depicted in Luhrmann’s film. Shakespeare and Luhrmann present paternal love when Romeo’s parents fret about him and when Capulet protects Juliet from an arranged marriage. Unrequited love features between Romeo and Rosaline then Paris and Juliet. â€Å"Out of her favour where I am in love†, shows Rosaline does not reciprocate Romeo’s love. Romeo’s unnatural, oxymoronic imagery: â€Å"loving hate heavy lightness cold fire † presents unrequited love as confusing and unnatural. Paris’ unrequited love for Juliet emphasises the strength of her love for Romeo, because Juliet loses everyone who loves her, rather than losing him. She loses Capulet: â€Å"you shall not house with me† Lady Capulet: â€Å"I have done with thee and nurse: †Romeo’s a dishclout to him†. In Shakespeare’s play, Paris dies: â€Å"I am slain † and Friar Lawrence abandons Juliet: â€Å"I dare no longer stay †, making Romeo and Juliet’s love seem stronger than in Luhrmann’s film. A shared sonnet of lovers’ prose at the party makes their romantic love and connection appear strong. Luh rmann uses white to symbolise strong love: whenever with Romeo, Juliet wears white, emphasising the strength of their love in a way Shakespeare does not. Shakespeare and Luhrmann show love’s evolution; I cited how Capulet’s paternal love for Juliet become fury, whilst Romeo and Juliet’s love evolves from superficial to sacrificial. This tragic contrast between Juliet’s love for Romeo deepening, but her family’s love becoming rage, emphasises hate’s connection to love. Initially, Romeo appears focussed on looks shown by extravagantly hyperbolic description of beauty. Later, natural imagery reflects their natural love: â€Å"This bud of love, by summer’s ripening breath, May prove a beauteous flower Ultimately, both commit suicide, to be together, showing their love has become deep and sacrificial. Whilst Luhrmann places a fish tank between Romeo and Juliet, symbolising separation – caused by family enmity – forcing them to yearn, but never be together, even though their love evolves, Shakespeare shows that family enmity causes separation, when Romeo and Juliet die and family enmity, and therefore separation, disintegrate: â€Å"O brother Montague, give me (Capulet) thy hand. † After the civil brawl, Romeo says: â€Å"Here’s much to do with hate but more with love. Implying brawls are caused by Benvolio loving Montagues and protecting family honour. Tybalt reinforces this: â€Å"Now by the stock and honour of my kin, to strike him dead I hold it not a sin. † This shows familial love engendering hatred for the rival family. Upon realising Romeo’s name, Juliet says: â€Å"My only love sprung from my only hate † showing love’s relationship with hate. In Shakespeares play unlike Luhrmanns film Paris and Romeo fight because they love Juliet, so love and hate are more intertwined. In Shakespeare’s death scene, Romeo says: â€Å"Forgive me cousin (Tybalt)†, showing that, although Romeo hated Tybalt for killing Mercutio, love for Tybalt vanquished hate for him, depicting love as a stronger force; Shakespeare shows love conquering hatred again, when love replaces family enmity: â€Å"O brother Montague, give me (Capulet) thy hand. † In Luhrmann’s film, love never conquers hatred, so is less dominant. Upon hearing of Juliet’s death, Romeo recognises fate or ‘stars’ control him: â€Å"I defy you stars†, Shakespeare means Romeo will kill himself, thus defying his fate, which Romeo believes is to lose Juliet. World-wearied flesh† and â€Å"Shake the yoke of inauspicious stars† shows Romeo cannot live without Juliet, so encourages fate to pull him faster towards death and his fate. Romeo predicts a tragic outcome of the party: â€Å"Some consequence yet hanging in the stars†. â€Å"He that hath steerage of my course Direct my sail † shows a conscience controls his fate. After killing Tybalt, Romeo personifies this conscience as ‘Fortune’: â€Å"I am fortune’s fool † suggesting Fortune betrayed him. Fate has such control, the prologue predicts the tragedy: â€Å"From forth the fatal loins of these two foes A pair of star-crossed lovers take their life ; â€Å"fatal loins† shows Death’s and Fate’s involvement from birth; â€Å"star-crossed lovers take their life† reinforces this, because fate made them meet and commit suicide. Luhrmann’s use of a newsreader as the choric voice establishes the modern setting; when Friar Lawrence repeats the prologue, Luhrmann emphasises his crucial role in their fates, in a way Shakespeare does not. Death’s central role extends beyond the prologue. Death caused the tragedy: Mercutio’s death led to Tybalt’s death, which led to Paris’s and Romeo’s deaths, which resulted in Lady Montague’s and Juliet’s deaths. Love is also a contributing factor in Shakespeare’s play, but less so in Luhrmann’s film; killing Tybalt, Paris and himself are impulsive actions, caused by love – for Mercutio and Juliet – which Romeo later regrets. Neither Paris’s death nor the quotation: â€Å"Forgive me cousin† occur in Luhrmann’s film; instead, Romeo’s progress towards Juliet and his death appears measured and calm. These differences suggest Luhrmann’s tragedy was not caused by love-induced impulsive actions; so Shakespeare’s play suggests love and death caused the tragedy, whereas Luhrmann’s film suggests death is the only cause. On the other hand, Romeo is measured and calm in Luhrmann’s film, because there is no urgency, whereas in Shakespeare’s play, the Page causes urgency: â€Å"I will go call the watch†, which could suggest the suicide is more to do with desperation than love, suggesting love is more dominant in Luhrmann’s film. Shakespeare also links death to love, by linking the banquet where Romeo and Juliet fall in love to the death scene. Before dying, Romeo kisses Juliet: â€Å"Thus with a kiss I die † and Juliet kisses Romeo: â€Å"I will kiss thy lips † Shakespeare links these kisses to their first kisses, emphasising that love caused their deaths. In Luhrmann’s film, Romeo takes drugs before the party: â€Å"Thy drugs are quick † this is also his last line before dying, hinting that the banquet where they fell in love caused their deaths; this means love and death are intertwined closer than in Shakespeare’s play, where Romeo takes no drugs before the party. Love and death are also connected in Shakespeare’s play, by contrasting light and dark, when Romeo describes the brightness of his lover: â€Å"her (Juliet’s) beauty makes This vault a feasting presence full of light†, then the darkness of the deathly tomb: â€Å"This place of dim light†. In Luhrmann’s Balcony scene, light symbolises Juliet and love, but there is no contrast between her light and the dark of the tomb; weakening the connection between light and dark. The link between love and death is further emphasised in Shakespeare’s death scene, when Juliet lovingly describes means of killing herself: â€Å"Happy dagger† and â€Å"Friendly drop†. This shows Juliet would love to die and emphasises the connection between love and death; because, in Luhrmann’s death scene, she only says: â€Å"Friendly drop†, the connection between love and death appears weaker. Romeo personifies Death in the death scene: â€Å"Death, that hath sucked the honey of thy breath†, identifying Death as a conscience. He then ponders why Death took Juliet: â€Å"Shall I believe that unsubstantial Death is amorous And keeps Thee here in the dark to be his paramour? † This rhetorical question suggests Death killed Juliet because he loved her; this quotation and the next emphasise links between love and death. â€Å"Seal with a righteous kiss A dateless bargain to engrossing Death † means when kissing Juliet, Romeo seals a bargain that he would die for her love.

The Sandplay Therapy Process. Images of the Self (Estelle L. Weinrib) Essay

The Sandplay Therapy Process. Images of the Self (Estelle L. Weinrib) 2004 Review - Essay Example The children and their metal status decide their life and their behavior. The author relates the theories proposed by scientists like Neumann and Jung are portrayed in such a way that the reader gets a complete idea about the sandplay treatment. The theory of Neumann concentrates more on the psychological aspects of a person. The psychic development and its effects are clearly depicted and the consciousness level of a person is also explained. (Weinrib, 2004).The author also provides information about the development in childhood. The major part of childhood development relies on the psychological factors and they in turn decide the character of the children. Children's ego must be developed in a healthy environment since the environment where the children grow play a vital part in their life. The psychological factors and the role they play in a child's life are referred with the help of Jung's theories. Jung's theories were based on the connection between the unconscious self. The sandplay which was first found by Dr.Margaret, was considered to be the best treatment that identified the problems in the children. Sandplay treatment did not make use of any explicit medical equipment. It treated the children in such a way that the result was effective. The author stroke the difference between the normal verbal treatment and the sandplay treatment. ... Psychology was an important concept and the doctors had to strike a balance between these factors and the emotions. The deeper thoughts and mental states were examined before the beginning of the treatment. The mentality of the children and their mental state has been clearly defined in the book. The author has emphasized on the fact that the child's feelings and emotions can be caught with the help of sandplay. (Weinrib, 2004).The treatment initially began from the idea of Dr.Margaret with an effort to treat children without disturbing their mental status. Since the psychological part of a person decides their life, the treatment concentrated more on those aspects. Sandplay Treatment Sandplay treatment helped people to express their anger, fear and other emotions. The treatment also helped them to get back to their normal status within a very short period of time. Jung's theory also stated that the other issues related to developmental problems and behavioral attributes were also resolved using this treatment. The major goal of Jung's therapy was to help the children to become normal without any psychological disorders. After its introduction, the treatment became popular within a short period and most of the doctors preferred this type of treatment. The effort of Jung became successful and thus the problem that prevailed was resolved easily. The concept of this treatment was derived from the way the children expressed their feelings while handling the miniatures. Children who played with miniature dolls showed their anger and frustration which they had with their family members or with their friends. They

Significant of Edge Waves and Shear Waves Essay

Significant of Edge Waves and Shear Waves - Essay Example Edge waves or low frequency gravity motion waves are water waves that are trapped at the shoreline by refraction. It is produce by the variability of wave energy reaching shore. An edge-wave is a low frequency wave attached to the beach. The edge waves have periods of a minute, a long-shore wave-length of around a kilometer, and amplitude that decays exponentially offshore as shown in figure 1 (Cutchin and Smith, 1973).While they were originally considered to be a curiosity, these waves play a significant role in near shore hydrodynamics. (Eckart C., 1951). The edge waves are modeled by creating incident waves that approach perpendicular to the direction of the constructed shoreline. The numerical modeling of edge waves was first described by Stokes equation in 1946. Shear Wave is also known as the voticity wave. The stability of a steady alongshore current V(x) to small perturbations using a linear vorticity equation based on the shallow water equations and the rigid-lid approximation. They showed that in the region of strong seaward shear (d|V|/dx pressure variance R, is 1 (i.e., equi-partitioning of kinetic and potential energy) independent of the mode mix. For shear waves , R = O(gh/V2), that is, 1 for natural alongshore currents with typically small Froude numbers (e.g., Oltman-Shay et al. 1989). Hence, can be used to estimate the contributions of gravity waves and shear waves to the infragravity band. If the gravity and shear wave velocity fluctuations are assumed to be statistically independent, then the fraction of the infragravity velocity variance contributed by shear waves is approximately given by = 1 1/R.(17). The effects of Shear and Edge Wave in the Environment The shape of the land under sea determines the strength and direction of the wave toward the coastline, while above ground it determines the run-up. Since the generation of a wave is defined by transferance of energy, or force in simple mathematical terms, the decrease in sea floor depth has the proportional effect of focusing and speeding up the movement of the wave. Thus a wave generated from a large, deep body of water will produce larger waves than those produced from a shallower body of water. Beach coastlines. As shown by Adams & Lewis, (1979) offshore coastline has a modifying effect on the wave shape as it breaks on land. The most destructive waves are where the force of the wave is focused as it breaks on l

Israel's Collection Capabilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Israel's Collection Capabilities - Essay Example The Mossad has been able to collect information in Lebanon, Gaza Strip and the activity in Hezbollah. In the advent of new technology, the difficulty of gathering intelligence through OSINT and HUMINT has been elevated by satellite and other aerial vehicles such as drones and specialized aircraft. Israel recently launched a spy satellite, ‘Ofek 9’ to watch over its enemy and most notably Iran and the terrorist group that is supported by the Iranian regime. HUMINT (Capable)The use of human forces to gather intelligence is limited to Israel given that it has a large geographical coverage that it gathers intelligence from. Therefore, the Mossad officers are able to cover the Middle East but rely on other groups such as the CIA, FBI and another intelligence organ in Europe. Israel has been able to wage war on the terrorist group such as Hezbollah, Iran, and offensive in Lebanon. The activities of Mossad in Lebanese city enabled them to attack AMIA building to revenge on the terrorist attack in Beirut and Lebanon, in 1983.MASINT (Highly Capable)The Israel intelligence community has developed a MASINT system sensor with a high degree of collecting intelligence within the region as well as overseas. The country has Unmanned Aerial Vehicle called the Chariots of Fire that detect the traces of uranium elements and material used in developing of nuclear facilities. This technology has proved to be a useful tool in observing Iran ambitions of developing a nuclear weapon.

The psycology of Love Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The psycology of Love - Research Paper Example Nonetheless, even this basic concept takes in an extensive spectrum ranging from passion, intimate romantic love to the platonic love or the close, emotional non-sexual familial love that one may feel for a friend . Something about love that has been a subject of recurrent debate is its nature, although by determining what love is not, one can clarify various aspects. Frequently, love is contrasted with hate, the latter being the most extreme. All the same, when focusing on the contrast between an emotionally intimate and a sexual form of romantic attachment, the difference in consideration is between love and lust. Various Western authorities classify love into two main categories namely the narcissistic and the altruistic. In his work, exploring the definitions of love and evil through applied psychology, , who , defines love as a combination of simple narcissism and ‘the will to extend one's self with the aim of nurturing another's or one's own spiritual growth’ repre sents this view. He adds that by combining these, love is perceived to be an activity rather than a feeling. Different theories of love, according to researchers and psychologists exist. These theories explain love, emotional attachment and liking. Triangular Theory of Love Robert J. Sternberg developed the Triangular Theory of Love. Robert J. Sternberg developed the Triangular Theory of Love. He was a Tufts University’s psychologist and according to his theory, passion, commitment and intimacy are the three elements that encompass any instance of an interpersonal association. Passion refers to conditions of physiological and emotional arousal. It includes physical attraction and sexual arousal in addition to other types of strong emotional experiences. Passion is the most common love form and is evident in both infatuation as well as romantic love. Infatuation results when passion alone rules – it is an almost wanton physical desire. Commitment on the other hand invol ves a resolution to commit to love the other and endeavoring to uphold that love over time. It is based on the prospect that the relationship is permanent. Intimacy is defined as two people sharing their personal lives’ details and confidences, generally illustrated within romantic love affairs and friendships it involves emotional support closeness and caring. In all love forms, changing levels of all three of these components are supposedly evident (Reddy, 2011 and Cohen, 2011). Different types of love result from different combinations of passion, commitment and intimacy. For instance, a combination of intimacy and passion brings about passionate love whereas a combination of commitment and intimacy brings about compassionate love (Cherry, 2005). Cherry (2005) adds that according to Sternberg, in contrast to relationships based upon only one component, relationships built on two or more elements are more lasting. To describe a blend of commitment, passion, and intimacy, St ernberg (1986) uses the phrase consummate love. He suggests that this type of love is the most enduring and the strongest. However, it is not common. According to Sternberg (1986), ‘consummate love’ is an equal relationship with all the three elements. Generally, people strive after this ideal. All the other six love forms bring out one or two of the points predominating on the triangle. These can be categorized into complex or simple permutations –

Behaviour and Mental Illness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Behaviour and Mental Illness - Essay Example Because of these, many people fail to seek out help in fear of being labeled as crazy and perceived as not to be trusted, dangerous or capable of violence. Fear of being society's outsider is one of the most common reasons why people with mental illness go undiagnosed or untreated and in most cases diagnosed when it is too late to manage or treat the illness. The fact is, the majority of mentally impaired persons are neither criminals and are never violent. Those few who are violent get publicized in various ways in the television and movies; resulting to a negative perception of all mentally ill people. These also often become a basis for determining legal proceedings for mental health issues. The sad part though is that although some of the portrayals are accurate or realistic, some are more likely sensationalized. This results to the majority of the people being ignorant on the true nature of mental illnesses. Mental illnesses generates a lot of issues for the inflicted and his family; issues pertaining to legal, social, ethical and clinical aspects of the mental disorder. With this fact, government systems have infused in their health care systems laws for people having mental illnesses. The Mental Health (Compulsory Assessment and Treatment) Act 19... sory assessments can be made when a medical practitioner considers that there are reasonable grounds that the proposed patient is or may be mentally disordered. Another is if the Court believes that the proposed patient is mentally disordered (ADHD.org.nz). Under this Act, the accepted patient is required to take either community or inpatient treatment arranged by suitable professionals defined in the Act. A patient who is subjected to a compulsory treatment order is required to accept such treatment for mental disorder as directed by a responsible clinician for the first month treatment at the current time of the compulsory treatment order and afterwards, if a psychiatrist appointed by a Review Tribunal considers that the treatment is in the patient's best interests. In all other cases, the patient's informed and written consent must be obtained, and may be withdrawn at any time (Guidelines to the Mental Health (Compulsory Assessment and Treatment) Act 1992, 2000). The Act further defines the rights of such persons subjected to the compulsory treatment order and provides better protection for their rights with the gradual reforms and consolidation with the laws pertaining to the assessment and treatment of persons suffering from mental disorder. In this paper, the situation of a probable candidate for the compulsory treatment order will be discussed from a Mental Health Support worker's point of view. Mental Health Support workers have the responsibility to work with people who have severe and enduring mental health problems who live in the community. Their focus is on the whole person, including their social circumstances and they establish their support by maintaining a close relationship with the person. History and Present Circumstances of the Probable

The psycology of Love Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The psycology of Love - Research Paper Example Nonetheless, even this basic concept takes in an extensive spectrum ranging from passion, intimate romantic love to the platonic love or the close, emotional non-sexual familial love that one may feel for a friend . Something about love that has been a subject of recurrent debate is its nature, although by determining what love is not, one can clarify various aspects. Frequently, love is contrasted with hate, the latter being the most extreme. All the same, when focusing on the contrast between an emotionally intimate and a sexual form of romantic attachment, the difference in consideration is between love and lust. Various Western authorities classify love into two main categories namely the narcissistic and the altruistic. In his work, exploring the definitions of love and evil through applied psychology, , who , defines love as a combination of simple narcissism and ‘the will to extend one's self with the aim of nurturing another's or one's own spiritual growth’ repre sents this view. He adds that by combining these, love is perceived to be an activity rather than a feeling. Different theories of love, according to researchers and psychologists exist. These theories explain love, emotional attachment and liking. Triangular Theory of Love Robert J. Sternberg developed the Triangular Theory of Love. Robert J. Sternberg developed the Triangular Theory of Love. He was a Tufts University’s psychologist and according to his theory, passion, commitment and intimacy are the three elements that encompass any instance of an interpersonal association. Passion refers to conditions of physiological and emotional arousal. It includes physical attraction and sexual arousal in addition to other types of strong emotional experiences. Passion is the most common love form and is evident in both infatuation as well as romantic love. Infatuation results when passion alone rules – it is an almost wanton physical desire. Commitment on the other hand invol ves a resolution to commit to love the other and endeavoring to uphold that love over time. It is based on the prospect that the relationship is permanent. Intimacy is defined as two people sharing their personal lives’ details and confidences, generally illustrated within romantic love affairs and friendships it involves emotional support closeness and caring. In all love forms, changing levels of all three of these components are supposedly evident (Reddy, 2011 and Cohen, 2011). Different types of love result from different combinations of passion, commitment and intimacy. For instance, a combination of intimacy and passion brings about passionate love whereas a combination of commitment and intimacy brings about compassionate love (Cherry, 2005). Cherry (2005) adds that according to Sternberg, in contrast to relationships based upon only one component, relationships built on two or more elements are more lasting. To describe a blend of commitment, passion, and intimacy, St ernberg (1986) uses the phrase consummate love. He suggests that this type of love is the most enduring and the strongest. However, it is not common. According to Sternberg (1986), ‘consummate love’ is an equal relationship with all the three elements. Generally, people strive after this ideal. All the other six love forms bring out one or two of the points predominating on the triangle. These can be categorized into complex or simple permutations –

Midterm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 4

Midterm - Essay Example However, comparing the two, there are major differences which make the film more articulate and detailed in detailing the motives, desires and intricacies that led to Frank’s murder, which the novel does not address critically. The short story begins as Matt thinks about Frank’s funeral, which creates suspense at the beginning as readers are not introduced to the motive behind Frank’s death. The suspense at the begging slowly wears out as the story progresses to Frank’s burial and the planned revenge which makes the audience to learn what really happened to Frank. On the contrary, the film offers a good background of the story and beings as Natalie and Frank run in an open field kissing one another in a romantic scene, which creates a deception that the film would be a romantic one. However, the film still prepares the audience not to expect a romantic scene as the lovers are only seen half way, their faces are not visible, while a strong wind blows through the trees, a case that is not ideal for a love scene. This crates some difference in the plot, which affects the relationship of events. The novel delves directly into death and the revenge as Frank’s farther ponders about hi s next move, the revenge. However, the film plot first brings about the theme of love and passion, and a plot with complex relationships as the story starts to unfold. These incidences are descriptive of what really happened to Frank, and why he was killed. While in the short story the plot is laid by Matt’s feelings and thoughts of a possible revenge (Dubus, 105), the film organizes the plot in a chronological order, which offers the audience enough information regard the murder while the novel does not. The killings are narrated purely from the Fowler’s viewpoint, and present his thoughts as pure revenge through exploring his emotions and bitter feelings regarding his son’s death, which alters his moral judgment and perception of morality (Dubus,

Mandatory Drug Testing of Welfare Recipients Essay Example for Free

Mandatory Drug Testing of Welfare Recipients Essay Thesis Statement Overall, mandatory drug testing initiatives have noble intentions such as: providing medical care to the abuser, preventing lifelong dependency, and saving taxpayer dollars, however, states should choose to not implement the intrusive testing because it is unconstitutional, costly, and ultimately detrimental to the child, not the parents. Through this presentation you will.. †¢ Learn about how widespread welfare usage is, and the history behind welfare reform. †¢ Understand why some legislators advocate for mandatory drug testing †¢ Look at the facts and realize that it is not only unconstitutional but also not an efficient means of spending allocated funds. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. Reasons Why Supporters Believe in Mandatory Drug Testing Overall good of youth dependents Zero tolerance policy Some buy drugs with welfare Tax payers have a right to know That their funds are spent well employed people must take drug tests Overall well being of invidual All reasoning lead to their overall stance, pro-testing. Reasons Why They Don’t Believe in Mandatory Drug Testing th amemmendment) Unconstiutional (4 Cost Prohibitative Embarassing and untimely Potential false positives or false negatives This is why CPS etc. exists Kid gets punished; not the adult All reasoning lead to their overall stance, against testing. Florida Welfare Drug Testing Graphic- DO THE MATH. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. Conclusion Mandatory drug testing for welfare recipients is unconstitutional, because no just-cause to search and seize. We must trust that although it isn’t constitutional or affordable to drug test all people, other agencies are other there to protect the children, if abuse or neglect is occurring Correlation does not imply causation. Work Cited Amundson, Kalynn, Anna M. Zajicek, and Valerie H. Hunt. Pathologies Of The Poor: What Do The War On Drugs And Welfare Reform Have In Common?. Journal Of Sociology Social Welfare 41.1 (2014): 5-28. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 May 2014 Gupta, Vanita. Should Welfare Recipients Be Tested For Drugs?. U.S. News Digital Weekly 3.46 (2011): 14. Academic Search Complete. Web. 6 May 2014. Lyle, Lindsey. Floridas Legislation Mandating Suspicionless Drug Testing Of TANF Beneficiaries: The Constitutionality And Efficacy Of Implementing Drug Testing Requirements On The Welfare Population. Tennessee Journal Of Law Policy 8.(2012): 68-85. Academic Search Complete. Web. 6 May 2014. Work Cited Rhodes, Tim, Sarah Bernays, and Kathrin Houmoller. Parents Who Use Drugs: Accounting for Damage and Its Limitation. Social Science Medicine 71.8 (2010): 1489-497. Web. 6 May 2014. Vitter, David. Should Welfare Recipients Be Tested For Drugs?. U.S. News Digital Weekly 3.46 (2011): 14. Business Source Complete. Web. 6 May 2014. Vitter, David. Should Welfare Recipients Be Tested For Drugs?. U.S. News Digital Weekly 3.46 (2011): 14. Business Source Complete. Web. 6 May 2014. Wurman, Ilan. Drug Testing Welfare Recipients As A Constitutional Condition. Stanford Law Review 65.5 (2013): 1153-1193. Academic Search Complete. Web. 6 May 2014.

Should obese people pay more for medical treatment

Should obese people pay more for medical treatment Obesity is an incredibly expensive disease, both for the patients and the hospitals. Aside from being a disease which is associated with many further complications and problems, which themselves lead to an increased cost, this disease also requires costly medication and specialised equipment for diagnosis and treatment. This results in a condition which has proven extremely costly to nearly all parties involved. It has been reported that  £47 million was spent purely on anti-obesity drugs in the fiscal year of 06 to 07.1 This figure, coupled with the fact that the prevalence of adult obesity in the U.K. is above 20 per cent and set to rise10, signifies the incredible cost associated with this disease and, in turn, highlights the growing problem of obesity on a social and economic scale. Its a problem that cant be ignored, and throughout the course of this paper I will attempt to weigh and evaluate both sides of the argument; Should obese people pay more for medical treatment?, in o rder to find a resolution. First, before jumping in to the crux of the question, it is imperative to establish the importance of the NHS as well as its core principles, in order to allow a fully in-depth analysis of the question at hand. The NHS, which is the primary healthcare provider in Great Britain, was set up in 1948 with one of its key principles being; the health service will be available to all and financed entirely from taxation, which means that people pay into it according to their means.2 It is important to stress the word all in the sentence. This word refers to the nation as a whole, regardless of their medical condition. The importance of the NHS clearly cant be stated enough, a nationwide health service which aims to treat all without directly taking money from the patients, is vital to maintaining the infrastructure of the country. It would seem then that the very nature of this question would oppose the core principles established in the set-up of the NHS, however in the recent light of the current economic situation and even proposed budget cuts3, the question raised could one day become a reality. It is important to first define and explain obesity ahead of tackling the ethical dilemma which is the title of this paper. One definition would simply be too much body fat on an individual, while this is somewhat accurate, it is also incredibly basic and not at all scientific. The BMI (body mass index) measurement is one of the most straightforward and useful techniques to establish the condition of obesity. The BMI is calculated by correlating a relationship between the height and weight of an individual, it is used by many organisations around the world such as WHO and NHS. The formula for calculating the BMI is: The results gained from the BMI can be classified in table 1 in order to specify the particular weight class of an individual. Classification BMI (kg/m2) Principal cut-off points Additional cut-off points Underweight Severe thinness Moderate thinness 16.00 16.99 16.00 16.99 Mild thinness 17.00 18.49 17.00 18.49 Normal range 18.50 24.99 18.50 22.99 23.00 24.99 Overweight à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥25.00 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥25.00 Pre-obese 25.00 29.99 25.00 27.49 27.50 29.99 Obese à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥30.00 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥30.00 Obese class I 30.00 34.99 30.00 32.49 32.50 34.99 Obese class II 35.00 39.99 35.00 37.49 37.50 39.99 Obese class III à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥40.00 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¥40.00 Table 1. adapted from WHO While the use of the body mass index to calculate a persons weight class is used worldwide it has a fair number of shortcomings and flaws. For instance, this table of classification for BMI is not gender specific, so it is applied the same for both males and females equally, as well as this, it also doesnt account for weight distribution in individuals nor is it possible to consider bone or muscle mass, both of which are heavier than fat. These problems will hold more significance later in this essay while discussing how obesity should be defined. Obesity is caused by a variety of different factors. These include genetic susceptibility, socio-environmental factors, malfunctioning appetite regulation or may also be a cause of other diseases, such as Cushings syndrome.7 While it was previously thought that obesity was caused by a lack of willpower or a lifestyle choice, more recent studies have discovered that obesity is a chronic disease, involving a number of different biochemical and metabolic processes compared to individuals who arent obese.8 As stated previously, obesity is linked to many more serious health conditions and illnesses. Examples of these include diabetes mellitus, increased cholesterol, coronary heart disease and hypertension amongst many others.7 It is important to discuss the seriousness of these resulting conditions in order to fully comprehend the fatality of obesity. Diabetes mellitus (otherwise known as type II diabetes) is a serious condition which occurs when the body either does not produce enough insulin or the cells do not properly react to the insulin produced. This condition is said to affect approximately 2 million people across England and Wales, supposedly with a further 750, 000 unaware that they have this condition.4 Type II diabetes can also lead to kidney disease, nerve damage or even strokes. Coronary heart disease is another serious condition which can be caused because of obesity, which affects almost 300, 000 people a year in the U.K.11 There are multiple actions that can be taken in an attempt to treat or cure obesity. These include dietary therapy in order to regulate the number of calories taken in by an individual, and to maintain that over a long-term period. Other methods which may be used in conjunction with this may be increased exercise, to burn off calories, weight loss surgery, such as gastric band surgery or possibly drug therapy, which is often used as a last resort. It should be noted that not one of these methods are able to fully treat obesity alone, instead they must be used in unison depending on the severity of the disease and also the individuals diagnosed with them. It apparent that obesity is an incredibly complicated disease in terms of the causes, secondary factors and treatments, all of which contribute towards a confusion regarding the nature of obesity in the minds of the public as well as upping the cost due its many treatment techniques, none of which can be considered 100 per cent effective. This encompasses all of the aspects of the disease, which is often described as an epidemic, as its a growing concern, and the economic burden attached is sure to evoke strong opinions regarding the question of this paper. Now that the importance of the health care system has been established and the medical significance of obesity has been recognised, the essay question itself can be discussed. The initial views on this topic are polarising, with some instantly believing that the obese should pay more for the disease that theyve inflicted upon themselves, believing that it is unfair that the rest of the nation should pay the cost. Others believe that they shouldnt pay the financial cost, stating that the NHS was set up to help all, despite whether or not their condition is self caused. The argument can even be pushed further, extrapolating that smokers, drinkers and even athletes would also have to pay for the medical costs for their diseases or injuries, because, by that same logic, these conditions are also self inflicted. Although there are certainly some truths to be had in these two contrasting opinions, the two sides of the argument will be investigated and examined on the grounds of ethicality, societal and fairness in an attempt to bring about some form of a resolve on this controversial topic. One of the primary factors for the argument for obese people having to finance the treatment of their medical condition is that the disease they are burdened with is self inflicted, which is to say that they literally brought it on themselves, so should therefore have to deal with the consequences. While there is some validity in this argument, it isnt quite as black and white as it may initially sound, with many further complexities set to arise. Those that oppose this argument, are likely to call discrimination, as this ideology that separates a certain type of people from the rest and forces them pay more, which is highly unjust. Also, by this same reasoning, and in the issue of fairness, other patients with self inflicted disease should also have to pay more for conditions and illnesses which they have brought upon themselves. Such conditions would include lung cancer for smokers, liver disease for those who drink as well as injuries to sports players and athletes, as these are a ll, to some degree, self inflicted. A counter point to this counter point would be that smokers and drinkers already pay more through an increased tax for the drugs (i.e. cigarettes and alcohol) which lead to the individual diseases, so an alternative, or possibly in addition, to forcing obesity patients to have to pay for medical treatments would be to raise the tax on foods with an increased calorie count. This may also be used to deter away from choosing these unhealthy foods as well as generate income from those who cost the NHS so much money in its treatment for obesity. However, this would result that members in the public that fall in to the normal weight range would also have to pay the increased tax for these same foods, if they choose to occasionally indulge. This, at first glance, seems like a fair compromise, as smokers who dont cost the NHS with treatment for smoking related disease still have to pay the tax on cigarettes, however, the idea comes full circle that people who arent obese are still having to pay lifestyles of the obese, indirect as it may be, which is one of the main points evoking the question at hand. There is evidence to suggest that those who are obese are also more likely to be in lower paid jobs, and as such, have less expendable income. This may be because those with lower income are more likely to live in poorer areas and where healthier, more nutritious foods arent as readily available or outside of their budget. This may also be due to a discrimination present against people who are obese and overweight. Employers may be more likely to hire those who arent overweight as they see their ability to resist overeating or staying in shape as a good quality in what Acs, Lyles and Stanton (2007) describe as a willingness to delay gratification. Whatever the reason may be for the correlation between being overweight and having lower income, the fact remains that the lack of capital possessed by the obese population would prove to be incredibly troublesome if obese people were to finance their medical treatment in this manner. The case for increasing the tax of unhealthy foods may b e less applicable as it may push both healthy foods and unhealthy foods out of reach for poorer and obese population financially. To overcome this, healthier foods have to be made cheaper and more widespread, which may again be difficult given the nature to produce healthier and organic foods are likely to cost more. Even so, it would seem any loss made would surely help the NHS spend less on obesity, which, in the 2007, was estimated at  £4.2 billion.6 The basis for this particular argument is on essentially boils down to the thought that obese people are obese solely because of their own doings, which many people believe to be an accurate portrayal of reality. However, this statement by no means holds true to the complete population of obese people. There is a genetic link associated with obesity, with the inheritable risk of obesity thought to be approximately 30%.7 Many genes have been found that code for weight control hormones, and a defect in these genes may be passed on the offspring, thereby increasing the chance of obesity in that child.5 This would bring about many more questions and dilemmas concerning the topic at hand. For instance, what if the cause for obesity was mainly genetic as opposed to being environmental? Should the patient still pay more even though, by definition, this type of obesity isnt necessarily self-inflicted? Some may answer this question by stating that those with genetic factors shouldnt pay, howe ver, what if both social and biological factors play an equal role in the cause of an individuals obesity? Or, further expanding on the idea that those found to have the genetic link shouldnt pay, how would the obesity genes be examined in the patient? Genetic testing may be carried out, but performing these tests on the entire to obese population in order to determine who should pay these costs would itself be costly, therefore being counter-productive where one of the primary aims of the question raised is to cut back on money being spent. There are also further complications regarding this wide held belief that obesity is self-inflicted. Are cases where individuals are driven to high calorie, comfort foods because of bullying or depression, be considered self-inflicted? Also, who should pay the cost for cases of childhood obesity? While some may point the fingers at the parents, one would have to ask if that is at all fair. For instance, parents arent sentenced for the crimes that their children commit. Evidence exists which associates an addiction to eating (as well as other addictions) with mental illnesses.9 Should these cases also have to pay for medical treatment themselves? By this same merit should schizophrenics and patients with other mental conditions have to finance their treatment? There are a host of other problems and issues which are presented if this question is to be seriously considered. The question of affordability and practicality surely arises when applying the theoretical question to a real-world scenario. If obese patients were to pay directly for their medication, surgery or weight-loss programs then how much should be charged? It would surely have to be a fairly significant amount as the cost of obesity itself is already at an extremely costly figure.6 Having to pay for medical treatment may create a divide between patients who can and cant afford the costs, possibly adding another level of discrimination. And what if patients are unable to meet the expense of these bills? Should they be denied treatment? Anything beyond entertaining this idea would bring about huge moral dilemmas, as the hospitals would essentially be playing God, deciding who lives and dies, based purely on their financial background. Also, the practicality of such a situation is likely to bring up further complications, with one question being; how should it be charged? The NHS wasnt set up to accept payments in this particular manner, so how could this be accomplished? Would the patients need to pay before their medication or surgery? If so, and the patient does not pay, it will again bring up the concept of denying treatment to patients. There is also the possibility that patients would pay post-surgery. But if they refuse to pay or cant afford it, then some form of policing body would need to be enforced to ensure these payments are made. While this will cost more money, again a problem given the nature of the question is to decrease the money spent, it also sends out an image of the NHS reminiscent of some sort of mobster loan shark. Another issue when considering this subject is the concept of defining obesity. Earlier I have stated the use of the BMI system to define obesity the world over, as well as outlining its fundamental flaws. A concern with defining obesity with the use of the BMI scale is that the differences between being classified as overweight or obese may literally be a few inches in height or a few kilograms in weight. This may very well create scenarios where a person may be a few inches shorter than another who is the same weight having to pay more for treatment. This could possibly be countered by measuring obesity by more methods than simply BMI alone, which is currently in place to diagnose obesity by the NHS. Other methodologies may also have to be in place in order to diagnose or differentiate between different classes of obesity. These could possibly include calculating the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), Waist circumference (WCR) and Skinfold thickness.7 together these allows for a more accura te representation of a patients physical status, allowing to charge for medical treatment accordingly, if that path were to be taken. It is clear that any attempt to find a solution to this question brings up series of arguments and counter points which negate and nullify each other, and instead of establishing a concrete plan of action, it would seem that the wisest and safest bet would be to sit on the fence. My personal opinion on the matter would be to increase the tax of unhealthy foods and make healthier foods readily available and at an affordable price as well as pushing for a more active lifestyle, something akin to the change4life scheme recently set up by the government. Though this isnt without flaws, it certainly seems to reach a form of middle ground in term of ethics and equality. One of the main aims of the NHS was to treat all patients who pay tax, so forcing a section of people to pay more, regardless of whether or not the condition is self inflicted, opposes its key ideologies as well as being highly discriminatory. My proposed plan of action is certainly more subdued and the benefits of which wo uld only be realised after a longer period of time, however, it strikes a fair balance between staying true to the NHS philosophy, equality for all an attempt to treat obesity and healthy lifestyle. The report should be similar in overall style to the topic discussed in Nelsons Issue II (Human Organ Transplantation) above. Another example for style could be a Scientific American article (e.g. How breast milk protects newborn (December, 1995) by J. Newman, pp58-61). The essay should cover the basic science, including recent developments and ongoing research, but should focus on examination of the ethical, social and legal issues related to the topic. 1.More than a million anti-obesity prescriptions were issued in England in the last financial year at a cost of  £47million. It means about 88,000 people could be on a course of treatment. http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-23406735-pills-not-the-answer-to-obesity-says-top-doctor.do 2. http://www.nhs.uk/NHSEngland/thenhs/nhshistory/Pages/NHShistory1948.aspx 3. http://www.nhs.uk/NHSEngland/thenhs/nhshistory/Pages/NHShistory1948.aspx http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/8012588.stm 4. http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/diabetes-type2/Pages/Introduction.aspx 5. Bouchard 1994 6. http://www.healthcarerepublic.com/news/934442/Cost-obesity-NHS-England-rise-62-billion/ Acs  : 9781845425005 , obesity, business and public policy. 7. Tomlinson 8. brock 9. truth mental illness: 9780757301070 10. http://www.who.int/infobase/report.aspx?rid=118iso=GBRDef_Code=cd.0701Survey_Year_End=2005genGraphButton=Generate+Graph 11. http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Coronary-heart-disease/Pages/Introduction.aspx?url=Pages/What-is-it.aspx red: expand blue: unsure

Essays --

Human beings have to made decisions right from childhood stage but the complexity of the decisions to be made or the circumstances preceding a decision vary from simple personal decisions to being in a group making corporate decisions. Individual Decision Making involves arriving at the decision at a personal level without involving external persons or making the decision regardless of an external or group's view point. This is the common method of making decisions and it has been observed to be effective when input from external parties is not necessary or in circumstances when a person might find themselves in need of immediate decision in order to tackle a particular situation. For example a person who is driving a car needs to make decisions about what action to take as he drives along the road with regards to following the driving laws and how to respond to actions by other road users. In this situation, an individual utilizes the intuitive decision making process (Cottrell, 2 009) which is based on the experience that he has gone through. According to Buchanan and Huczynski (2013), an individual’s quality of decisions can be influenced by how they perceive the surrounding circumstances in a given situation. This process falls in the â€Å"rational decision-making model† whereby an individual rationalizes and makes a decision based on the rational circumstances. For example a manager might be required to make a decision on whether to punish or pardon an employee who has made an error but his decision is based on the circumstances surrounding the event. If two managers were to independently evaluate the situation, one person might decide to punish while another might decide to pardon because it will depend on the personal interpre... ...decisions than can be arrived at and their consequences. An example of how this decision making process can be used is when a jury is unable to make a common decision mostly due to group polarization, one of the jurors can play the devil’s advocate by presenting an argument from the ‘other’ perspective opposite to what he rest of the group are focusing on in order to help them to make a decision. According to Berniker and McNabb (2006) the dialectical inquiry method can also be used by a group to help them make a decision. In this methodology, two alternatives are presented to the group for evaluation and they are discussed and then the group evaluates the two options and chooses whether to pick one of the options or to combine the two and use that as the final solution to the debate. This decision making process closely mirrors the devil’s advocacy method.

Adolescent Alcohol Abuse Essay -- essays research papers

Adolescent Alcohol Abuse: What Factors are Present?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Over the years, many researchers have dedicated their time and energy to study adolescent alcohol abuse. They have found that there are many factors that contribute to adolescent alcohol abuse. These factors are psychological, environmental, social, and cultural. Not all of these factors play a part in every adolescent who abuses alcohol, but one of these factors is usually present. Psychological disorders have been found in both American, and Taiwan adolescents who abuse alcohol. The health risks of adolescent alcohol abuse are great. Alcohol affects the physiology of a young person. It disrupts the genetics and hormonal balances that are critical in the early development of youngsters. Treatment of alcohol abuse is a great state of change and development. Many therapists, doctors and counselors are trying to incorporate new treatment ideas and methods into the traditional techniques that have been used for years now.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is important to research the factors that contribute to adolescent alcohol abuse because if these factors are detected early, and an adolescent is put into a prevention program the likelihood that they will abuse alcohol will greatly decrease. Psychological Factors   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to the research, there have been many psychological problems found in adolescents who abuse alcohol. The majority of the research has been done in order to solve the question of whether or not these psychological factors are present before an adolescent abuses alcohol, or after the alcohol abuse has occurred. In the research done by Rhode, Lewinsohn, and Seeley (1996), they used a community sample of 1,507 adolescents between the ages of fourteen and eighteen. The adolescents were classified into the categories of abstainers, experimenters, social drinkers, problem drinkers, and abuse and/or dependent groups.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this study, 373 subjects met the criteria for depression, 15 were bipolar, 93 suffered from manic core symptoms, and 124 had an anxiety disorder (Rhode et al., 1996). Furthermore, anxiety disorder and depression were psychological disorders that were more prevalent in female adolescents with alcohol abuse than their male counterparts. Males who abused alcohol tended to suffer from antiso... ...bsp;  Ã‚  Ã‚  adverse life events in adolescents with alcohol   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  abuse and dependence. Journal of the American Academy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 36 (12), 1744-1751. Clark, D., & Bukstein, O. (1998). Psychopathology in   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  adolescent alcohol abuse and dependence. Alcohol Health &   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Research World 22 (2), 117-121. Epstein, J., Botvin, G., & Diaz, T. (1999). Impact of social   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  influences and problem behavior on alcohol use among inner-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  city hispanic and black adolescents. Journal of Studies on   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alcohol 60 (5), 595-604. Rhode, P., Lewinsohn, P., & Seeley, J.R. (1996). Psychiatric   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  comoribidity with problematic alcohol use in high school   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  students. Journal of the American Academy of Child &   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Adolescent Psychiatry 35 (1), 101-109. Adolescent Alcohol Abuse Juvenile Delinquency

International Toursim Marketing Planning

Contents 1. Introduction to India1 2. PETSEL analysis1 2. 1 Political analysis1 2. 2 Economic analysis2 2. 3 Social analysis2 2. 4 Technology analysis2 2. 5 Environmental analysis3 2. 6 Legal analysis4 3. Customer Analysis5 3. 1 Customer choice factors5 3. 2 Segmentation6 3. 3 Segmentation Matrix7 4. Competitor Analysis8 5. Internal analysis9 6. Summary SWOT analysis and ‘Key Take Out'9 6. 1 SWOT analysis9 6. 2 Key Take Out10 7. Targeting analysis and positioning10 7. 1 Targeting analysis10 7. 2 Positioning12 8. Strategic Planning and Setting Objectives13 9. The â€Å"Value Proposition†14 10.Marketing Mix Recommendations14 11. Measuring Success15 12. Summary15 Appendix A16 References17 Lists of Figures Figure 1Target market selection model11 Figure 2 The positioning map of Health and Wellness tourism segment. 13 Figure 3 Ansoff Matrix14 Lists of Tables Table 1 Arrivals by Purpose of Visit: 2006-20112 Table 2 Health and Wellness Tourism sales by Category : Value 2006 â₠¬â€œ 20113 Table 3 Balance of Thailand Tourism Payment : Value 2006 – 20114 Table 4 Balance of Indonesia Tourism Payment : Value 2006 – 20114 Table 5 Segmentation Matrix7 Table 6 India’s Competitor divided by segment8Table 7 Competitors strengths and weakness9 Table 8 SWOT analysis10 Table 9 The targeting segment analyses12 Marketing Holiday This report provides marketing plan for India tourism industry including 10 steps of marketing planning referring to International Marketing Planning module (2012) 1. Introduction to India India is the most populous democracy, the seventh largest country in term of total area in the world, which located in South Asia surrounded by Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, the Maldives Indian Ocean, Arabia Ocean and Bay of Bengal (Mintel 2010).In term of tourism, India plays host to a diverse mix of tourism choice. Natures, adventures, cultures, nations, history, architectures and medical are all on offer, making India an attractive destination to a variety of demographic groups. Apart from that, in 2009 this country was singled out as the best value-for-money in term of Country Brand Index (CBI) done by FutureBrand (2012). India has Ministry of Tourism (MOT), its objective is to develop and promote tourism in India by formulating and administrating the rules, regulations and laws.And in 2002, MOT announced â€Å"Incredible India† as the travel theme. The successful of campaign, nowadays the tourism industry in India is becoming the third largest earner in of foreign exchange (Government of India 2012). 2. PETSEL analysis In order to analyses external environment of India’s tourism industry, PESTEL analysis could be applied and offer clues to opportunities and threats (Wood 2004). 2. 1 Political analysis 2. 1. 1 Stable democratic administration India is the world’s largest democracy; it has a stable democratic government for a long decade.India is a Secular Democ ratic Republic with a parliamentary system consists of Parliament and State Government this means in each state of India has its own tourism department (Government of India 2012). It is advantage because each state becomes a competitor of each other, induce high contest between states in order to gain profit from tourism industry. This fact can ensures stability for the tourism industry. 2. 1. 2 Terrorism India is facing with two type of terrorism: external terrorists and internal terrorists but intra-terrorist takes more seriously effect to tourism.There is a trend of growing internal terrorists especially Maoism and Naxalism their case un-peace in the country (South East Asia Terrioms Portal 2011). By the way India's government (2012) is continuously improving its defence inventory to combat any potential attack form terrorists especially in areas like Jammu Kashmir and our metropolitan cities like Mumbai, Delhi, Bangalore and places of strategic importance. 2. 2 Economic analysis 2. 2. 1 Economic growing rate GDP of India rose almost 7% in 10 years then India becomes the fastest growing economies of the world (The World Bank 2012).A higher economic growth can bring about the foreigner investments. This situation wise to supply the higher number of business visits. Apart from that the construction of newer tourist avenues or attraction, beautification of cities and towns etc. are also induce the number of leisure visitor as well. (Rath et al. 2012). The table below clearly shows the huge increase of arrivals from 2006-2011. Table 1 Arrivals by Purpose of Visit: 2006-2011 Source: Euromonitor International from official statistics, trade ssociations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, and trade sources (2012) 2. 3 Social analysis 2. 3. 1 Diversity of nations, cultures and etc. India is a multination country having numbers of different, cultures, traditions, and ethnics. These diverse have a great amalgam of the past and present and this naturally has its effects (Gupta, Lal and Bhattacharyya 2002). Some are negatives; â€Å"culture shock† is a good example when people are facing an unfamiliar way of life when visit to a new country. This is why people who belonging to the more affluent country decide not come to India.Besides there are positives side people who interested in multitudinous lifestyle also visits India and its help to break down prejudices, barriers, suspicions that exist between countries (Back, Bennett and Edles 2012). 2. 3. 2 Languages The languages of Indian reflect the diversity of the country. English is the one of official languages using in political and commercial communication while Hindi is the nation and the most widely spoken language and primary tongue of 41% of the people and 14 other official languages are spoken (Gupta, Lal and Bhattacharyya 2002).With this reason language barrier is not a trouble for both tourist and Indian. 2. 4 Technology analysis 2. 4. 1 Information Technology India has capability and resource in Information technology and engineering for future development (Rapoza 2012). Dogac, et al, (2004) considers the Internet gives many advantages in tourism industry. Some of these benefits for tourists are travel planning, fight booking, hotel reservation those active done on the internet nowadays.Beside on tourism organization use internet to promote new attractions and build long term relationship with customer such as sending special offer to customer, develop collaboration between tourism operators, enhance interoperability of external and internal applications. These actives will help increase the return of traveller. 2. 4. 2 Transportation facilities India’s transportation has been recently developed such as air, marine and land transportation to meet traveller’s need (Government of India 2012). But the image of transportation in this country presenting to the world seems under standard in terms of management and security.For example in May 2012, train accident killed 5 people (BBC NEWS 2012). And in July 2012 fire train killed 32 passengers (BBC NEWS 2012). On the tourist view, the under standardize of transportation will take direct effect to tourist who looking for a luxury tourism experience on the other hand the backpackers seem not really concern about convenience transportation at all (Gupta, Lal and Bhattacharyya 2002). 2. 4. 3 Medical technology Medical in India is developing continuously in various forms such as spa, meditation, hospital and surgery.India provide highly quality and professional with low cost. It costs half or one-third cheaper than similar treatments in neighbouring medical hotspots such as Singapore and Thailand. According to low price of medical service in India, the number of meditation sales has increased double from 2006 in 2011 (Euromonitor International 2012). Table 2 Health and Wellness Tourism sales by Category : Value 2006 – 2011 Source: Euromonitor International from official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, trade sources (2012) . 5 Environmental analysis 2. 5. 1 Environmental pollution ; Nature hazard India is experiencing seriously environmental pollution for instant deforestation, soil erosion, air pollution from industrial effluents and vehicle emissions, water pollution, huge and growing population is overstraining natural resources and drinking water is not available thought out the country (CIA 2012). Not only pollution but also natural hazards that India has to deal with like earthquake in the Kashmir valley (NDTV 2012).This situation reflex to life quality in India and may bring down visitor’s trust then decide not to visit India because it is too risk. However, it is a good change for India to improve their environment such as carefully cleaning ancient monument, cleaning areas around and improve them for tourism purpose (Gupta, Lal and Bhattacharyya 2002). 2. 6 Legal analysis 2. 6. 1 Taxation Since end of July 2012, India's government announced to increase tax in short term accommodation business from 5. 15% to 7. 42% (The Times of India 2012). Increasing of tax seem not has major effect to visitor.In generally traveller do not concern in minor change of taxation, take Thailand for example, it increased airport tax and car rental tax in 2011 but tourism  payments still high (Euromonitor International 2012). Table 3 Balance of Thailand Tourism Payment : Value 2006 – 2011 Source: Euromonitor International from official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, trade sources(2012) Meanwhile 2011 Indonesia announce full waiver of fiscal  tax in country, but it did not impact to visitor’s spending as well (Euromonitor International 2012).Table 4 Balance of Indonesia Tourism Payment: Value 2006 – 2011 Source: Euromonitor International from official statistics, trade associations, trade press, company research, trade interviews, trade sources (2012) 3. Customer Analysis 3. 1 Customer choice factors After Ministry of Tourism announce and promote â€Å"Incredible India† in 2002, the number of visitor rise continuously because the successful of campaign (Ministry of Tourism of India 2012).India has done very well in creating value and positioning in tourism industry, they provide goods or services that meet or exceed visitors satisfaction base on understanding what customer’s really need and it bring to customer choice factor analyses. Customer choice factor may relate to five factors which are Personal factor, Social factor, Environmental factor, Economic factor and Psychological factor (DOLCETA 2012). Below are lists of possible customer choice factors on tourism industry. 3. 1. 1 Personal factor comes from individual personality: age, sex, emotion, needs, like, knowledge, hobbies and etc. re involved such as (DOLCETA 2012): – Visiting new place – Arts and cultural are attractive – Experiencing new and different lifestyle – Trying new food – Have fun and being entertained – Facilities for disabilities – Exciting outdoor activities – Facilities for disabilities – Standards of hygiene and cleanliness 3. 1. 2 Social factor related with individual sociality and relationship: social trends, family, friends, and other people recommendations. With this factor CCFs might be (DOLCETA 2012): – Meeting new and different people – Being together as family – Being able to communicate in English – Activities for the whole familyTRAVETSAT(2011) reports that  38% of international tourists choose their destination based on friends & relatives’ recommendation. 3. 1. 3 Environmental factor, many people make decision and exaptation for the destination country base on environment, these people need (DOLCETA 2012): – Interesting rural countryside – Conve nience transportation – Nice weather – Exotic atmosphere – Good environmental quality 3. 1. 4 Economic factor, traveling aboard is an activity that must spend a lot of money; some people cannot afford and have limitation for expending during their journey which some money is not a big deal and those also affect to CCFs.The possible CCFs are (DOLCETA 2012): – Inexpensive cost – Variety of shopping place – Destination is valuable to holiday money 3. 1. 5 Psychological factor this factor quite difficult to explain that how it relate to CCFs of tourist because psychological is totally unique in each person depend on their mental function, behaviour and believed then the possible CCFs might be (DOLCETA 2012): – Relaxation – visiting their remembrances places – Safely 3. 2 Segmentation Segmentation helps dividing the present and potential market; organizations will better identify and compare market opportunity.Segments are co nsidered on the basic of geographic, demographic and psychographic. Thus, each segment should distinguishable from others, reachable and relevant to our product (McDonald and Dunbar 2007). The possible segments in tourisms are: Family tourism, customer in this segment usually travels with their family, might be parents with young children spend time together in order to educate their children and make a good relationship between members in family (Ball, Horner and Nield 2007). Religious tourism has purposes for pilgrimage, missionary especially Muslim and Buddhism.They would like to visit ancient pilgrimage place, in fact all religions – Hindu, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism have their major and minor pilgrimage centre in the different countries (Gupta, Lal and Bhattacharyya 2002). Health & wellness tourism involved â€Å"people who travel to a different place to receive treatment or proactively pursue activities that maintain or enhance their personal health and well-being, lower cost of care, higher quality of care and different treatment that they could receive at home. This most customers in this segment are Europeans because patients must wait of long time and process in order to avail medical treatment (Global Spa Summit 2011). Adventure tourism is categorized by â€Å"the large amount of activities tourists undertake during their trip, and the large amount of interaction with the natural environment of their destination† Typically adventure tourism will involve something that they would normally not have chance to partake in any other day (Ball, Horner and Nield 2007).Luxury tourism is â€Å"something that is an indulgence rather than a necessity, sumptuous or expensive, abundance or great ease and comfort† these are all  definitions of luxury (The Strategic Travel Action Resource 2003). They just want to spend their money to escape from real life and experience their ideal life for a short term. 3. 3 Segmentation Matrix According to tourist's CCFs we can summaries and segment customer then present in the Segmentation Matrix adapted from Ministry of Tourism of India 2012 Customer Choice Factors (CCFs)| Visiting new place- Arts and cultural are attractive- Experiencing new and different lifestyle- Trying new food- Have fun and being entertained- Facilities for disabilities- Exciting outdoor activities- Standards of hygiene and cleanliness- Meeting new and different people- Being together as family- Being able to communicate in English- Activities for the whole family- Interesting rural countryside- Convenience transportation- Nice weather- Exotic atmosphere- Good environmental quality- Inexpensive cost- Variety of shopping place- Destination is valuable to holiday money- Relaxation- visiting their remembrances places- Safety| Segment Name| Characteristics| Profile| Principal Benefits Sought| Family tourism| These are people who have family and aim to do an activity together, rapprochement in family and educat ing their children. | – Age 7-15 and 30- 45- Couples with young Children. – Well educate- Moderate income | -Visiting new place- Have fun and being entertained- Being together as familyActivities for the whole family- Safety| Religious tourism| These are people who travel individually or in groups have a passionate for pilgrimage, missionary, or leisure (fellowship) purposes. Love to visit holy site or holy place. – Age 40 – 70 – Couples or single, no children- Enthusiast- Priest| – Arts and cultural are attractive- Inexpensive cost- visiting their remembrances places| Health ; wellness tourism| These are people who interested in medical treatment, health and well-being. This range from luxury spa, meditation, yoga, to hospital treatments| – Age 30 – 70- Men and Women- Middle – high income- Interesting in Health ; wellness| – Inexpensive cost- Being able to communicate in English- Standards of hygiene and cleanlin ess| Adventure tourism| These are people who like extreme, venture, and action activities such as mountain climbing, trekking, camping, canyonning, rock climbing and etc. – Young, age 18 – 25- Male- Student ; fresh graduated- Alert ; active| – Experiencing new and different lifestyle- Have fun and being entertained- Exciting outdoor activities- Exotic atmosphere| Luxury tourism| These are people who prefer excellent service, luxury accommodation, high class shopping and other things that make they fell special and unique. | – Age 40+- Newlywed, Honeymoons- High income- Epicure, tasteful| – Convenience transportation- Relaxation- Nice weather- Variety of shopping place| Table 5 Segmentation Matrix| 4. Competitor Analysis Competitor analysis is significant in planning marketing strategies; Company need avoid â€Å"competitor myopia†. To find out main competitor, company must clearly understand competitor's strengths and weakness including thei r objective and strategies (Jobber 2010).Referring to segmentation matrix, each segment has different competitor, some are share competitors which shows in table 6 . The analyses focus on countries which are located in Asia. Japan is the most development country in Asia pacific thus facilities and service offer very high standard suitable for family and luxury tourism to visit there (Japan National Tourism Organization 2012). Singapore is high growing in entertainment sightseeing such as Sentosa Island. Family and luxury tourism are attracted by long sheltered beach, golf courses, five-star  hotels, and the  Resorts World Sentosa, featuring the theme park  Universal Studios Singapore (Singapore Tourism Board 2012).China, This year China push trend â€Å"China Happy & Healthy Tour 2012† aims health tourism to visit because china has rich knowledge in oriental medical for a thousand year it offer an alternative medical (China National Tourism Administration 2012). Thailan d has various Buddhist temples, exotic wildlife, and spectacular islands, also provides wide range area of actives related with natural. Moreover health and wellness tourism has a good reputation in the international market (Tourism Authority of Thailand 2012). Segment Name| Competitor| Family tourism| Japan, Singapore, Thailand| Religious tourism| Thailand| Health & wellness tourism| Thailand, China, Singapore| Adventure tourism| Thailand ,China| Luxury tourism| Japan, Singapore| Table 6 India’s Competitor divided by segment Next, the table 7 will show competitors strengths and weakness Country| Strengths| Weakness|Japan (Japan National Tourism Organization 2012)| – High Technology- Convenience transportation- Good management of government- Has Tokyo Disneyland | – Less people can speak English- High of living cost| Singapore (Singapore Tourism Board 2012)| – High growing economic- Convenience transportation- English is official language- Entertainment i ndustry is flourishing | – Few of historical places- High of living cost | China (China National Tourism Administration 2012)| – Rich heritage of culture, ancient place and mix traditional- Fast country development- Has new travel spot thought out country- 43 Properties inscribed on the World Heritage List- Low living cost| – Social criminal- Only big city has good facilities- Less people can speak English| Thailand (Tourism Authority of Thailand 2012)| – Top 10 in Health tourism- Third largest Buddhist Population in the world- Has significant religious place- Variety of adventure activities- Beautiful landscape | – Unstable Political in country- moderate of English literacy | Table 7 Competitors strengths and weakness 5. Internal analysis The internal analysis is a  review  of an  organization's  strengths and weaknesses depending upon their impact on the organization's objectives. Resource and capabilities, current offering, performance, business relationship and key issue are five factors influence the internal environment (Wood 2004). By the way strengths with respect to one objective may be weaknesses for another objective.A detailed internal analysis will give a good sense of its basic competencies and the desirable improvement that it can make to meet potential customer’s requirements. For more detail of internal analysis will be discussed in SWOT analysis. 6. Summary SWOT analysis and ‘Key Take Out' 6. 1 SWOT analysis SWOT analysis encompasses both internal and external audit of the firm, good analyses can lead to creating marketing plan and strategy (Hollensen 2010). SWOT matrix below details strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of India adapted from (ANSARI March 2012), (Chakravarth, Kumar and K 2008) and (Mecdonald 2003). Table 8 SWOT analysis 6. 2 Key Take OutThe Key Take Outs will summarise the main finding from SWOT analysis which directed significant to customer needs. The point is to single out what to be push forward or adjusted (Wood 2004). As mentioned in CCFs SWOT and reference to Top Factors Influencing Destination Choice by TRAVELSAT (2011), the affordable cost and English illiterate is the India’s greatest strengths; the British Council (2011) claimed that English has often been referred to as a world language and most often taught as a  foreign language. This is the reason why travellers prefer visit country which can speak English. Besides strength, the ineffective marketing seems to be the greatest weakness that should be concerned.With lack of marketing cause India cannot position in strong competition. So the India’s strategic planning will develop weaknesses to strengths meanwhile match the existing strengths with promising opportunities. 7. Targeting analysis and positioning 7. 1 Targeting analysis Referring to customer analysis, there are 5 possible segments of India’s tourism. In this session will evaluate those segm ents in order to select one target segment. The targeting process will focus on attractiveness of each segment such as Market factor, competitive factors and environment factors in order to screen out insufficient profit potential and intense completion segments (Jobber 2010).Furthermore the target segment should fit to firm’s capability as well. To decide which segment is the best target, the target market selection model and Two-factor theory will be applied. Figure 1Target market selection model Source: HOOLEY, Graham J. J. , SAUNDERS, John A. and PIERC, Nigel (2004). Marketing strategy and competitive positioning. 3rd ed. , Harlow, Financial Times Prentice Hall. p. 358. Referring to the Two-factor theory contains with hygiene factor which cause people feeling of dissatisfaction while motivator factor brings people’s satisfaction. Or can say that hygiene factor is the lower level needs and motivator is the higher level needs (Reisinger 2009).The Targeting Decision M atrix below summarises the targeting segment analyses link back to CCFs, adapted from (Lye, Hill and Baker 2012) Segment Name| Segment Attractiveness| Competition Position| Target decision| For targeted segments| | | | | What are the Hygiene factors? | What are possible Motivators? | Family tourism| Unattractive| Weak| Avoid| – Safety – Family activities| – Recognition- Interpersonal relation| Religious tourism| Average| Average| Possible| – Arts and religious' cultural are attractive – Believe | – Sense of achievement- Inexpensive cost | Health ; Wellness tourism| Attractive| Strong| Primary target| – Standards of hygiene | – Inexpensive cost –Being able to communicate in English – Wellbeing| Adventure tourism| Average| Average| Possible| – Exciting outdoor activities | – Exotic atmosphere – Experiencing new and different lifestyle – Have fun and being entertained | Luxury tourism| Ave rage| Average| Possible| – Relaxation | – Convenience transportation – Nice weather – Variety of shopping places | Table 9 The targeting segment analyses 7. 2 Positioning European Health and Wellness tourism is chosen to be the primary segment. As competitors analysis shows that Thailand China and Singapore are the major competitors of the target segment. In order to understand the relative position of product compares with others competitors, two importance CCFs are used to represent the positioning map | English literacy|   | Inexpensive cost| India India | Singapore Singapore Thailand Thailand | Expensive cost| | China China |   | | | English illiteracy|   | Figure 2 The positioning map of Health and Wellness tourism segment.To summarise, there are 3 aspects that help to consider the Health and Wellness tourism as a primary target. First is high growth rate, as in segmentation matrix shows that age of target group is around 30 – 70 years o ld. CIA World Factbook( 2012) reported that over 65% of world populations are 15-70 years old and continuing increase over the next 10 years. Meanwhile, the trends of health and wellness are very popular in the development country such as UK people are looking for alternative medication which is high standard, cheaper and not consume their time. The third is completion position compare with competitors as the positioning map clearly shows that China has inexpensive medication cost but lack of English literacy.In contrast, Singapore fluently speaks English but cost of treatment is too high meanwhile Thai people able to speak English in the middle level but cost of medication still high unlike India has high English literacy and inexpensive cost, positively support to CCFs of target segment as they need low-cost and English speaking. With all above reasons make target segment has the most possibilities of profit creator. 8. Strategic Planning and Setting Objectives The Department of T ourism will to use growth strategy. As ResearchAndMarket website (2012) did the research of â€Å"Asian Medical Tourism Analysis (2008-2012)† and forecasted that India medical tourism able to account 38% of market with in next year. Thus, it become operational objectives for India medical tourism; â€Å"Dominate at least 38% market share of the region's medical tourism industry by 2013, become the highest number of medical tourist and income among other Asian countries within 5 years â€Å".Furthermore, † for the long-term substitutable strategy; objective to gain insight into brand awareness of target customer to middle level and creating the value proposition in customer mind within 10 years † In order to achieve goals the Ansoff’s Matrix will be taken to account; it offers a strategy for reaching objective, identify the key directions and develop sustainable competitive advantage (Ansoff 1987). Figure 3 Ansoff’s Matrix Source: ANSOFF, H. L (1987 ). Strategies for Diversification. Harvard Business Review, Sept. – Oct. , p. 114. As current India medical service has well reputation in the European customers, in the other words India has existing products with existing markets.So the tourism department should do the market penetration focus on the European customer. 9. The â€Å"Value Proposition† The value Proposition can be defined as a benefit which customer will receive in return for the customer's associated payment or in the other hands why a consumer should buy a product or use a service (Hollensen 2010). As the figure 2, we offer customer a standard but inexpensive cost of medical and treatment which operated by English literacy authorities. 10. Marketing Mix Recommendations The marketing mix is a key tool used in marketing; it consists of Product, Price, Promotion, Place, People, Physical Appearances and Processes (Wood 2004).In this session will give recommendations for each element but more detailed on Promotion due to international advertising is the weakness of India tourism. We aim to transform weakness into strength and creating sustainable competitive advantage (Kotler and Armstrong 2012). Product is a customer solution. To satisfy customer needs, India offer wind range of alternative quality medications and services. The Indian Systems of Medicine include Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy (see appendix A) and also has a number of hospitals offering a world class treatment with the specialities and health personnel together (Chakravarth, Kumar and K 2008). They may try to offer medical & travel package to customers.Price is the customer cost, as CCFs of medical tourism they prefer an affordable cost. At this stage, an organization can do the cost differentiate, low cost, discount, and credit terms (Chakravarth, Kumar and K 2008). Promotion refers to the communication, as SWOT shows India lack of international advertising then they should do the fol lowing suggestions: * Increase international advertising. It is good for awareness building in the international market by do advertising on TV in the target countries. Thus, brand concept can be communicated effectively (Kotler and Armstrong 2012). * Personal selling: sell medical package via local agencies.Because agencies not only interactive with customer but also adaptable depending on customer needs (Kotler and Armstrong 2012). * Direct marketing: Targeting on target customers and continuous built long term relationship (Jobber 2010). * Internet promotion: The message send to customer thought electronic media. It is the global reach at relatively low cost but affective and measureable (Jobber 2010). For instant specific website for medical tourism with many languages. Place relevant to convenience. Organization should develop their transportation services make it easy for visitors (Wood 2004). Such as provide Car/ ambulance transfer from airport – hotel – hospita l. People, India should develop and train ealth personnel's skills in order to keep them standardize (Continuum Learning PTE LTD. 2012). Physical Evidence is about where the service is being delivered from. This element of the marketing mix will distinguish a company from its competitors. Customers will make judgments about the organisation based on the physical evidence. For example, in the hospitals or health clubs should have reliable certificate, good ambient conditions and facilities or join and international medical associations. (Continuum Learning PTE LTD. 2012). Process: Develop the process of medication or treatment in India try to make it faster but high quality than another European country (Continuum Learning PTE LTD. 2012). 11. Measuring SuccessWood (2004) suggested that if company want to know whether marketing process successful, company must have clear objectives and baseline measures. At the CEOs and Boards of tourism department point of view surely they care about the financial. The best measurement metrics should be the revenue, margin, profit and ROI (Marketo Inc. 2012). Although, the financial is important but on the marketer aspect the market share and customer’s brand awareness are essential as well. By monitoring those result after lunch marketing activates compare with the previous result, firm can realise that they do the marketing activities in the right way or not? 12. SummaryThe Department of Tourism India chose Health ; wellness tourism as the target segment, the market plan base on the analytical process of PESTEL, internal, competitors, customers, SWOT and marketing mix. Propose to create objective and long term competition advantage and strategy. The success may measure by marketing metres such as revenue, margin, profit, ROI market share and brand awareness. Appendix A Ayurveda: The healing touch of the magic of the invaluable Indian legacy is Ayurveda. Ayurveda is a unique health care system that was established in In dia in around 600 BC. Ayurveda is an indispensable branch of medicine, a complete naturalistic system that depends on the diagnosis of the body's ailments to achieve the right balance Yoga is not really a system of medicine.Its objectives are self- realization and spiritual union with all –pervasive divine cosmic power. But certain intermediary practices and yogic attitudes have proved beneficial for reducing stress, preventing many lifestyle-related diseases, and promoting general health and wellbeing. Naturopathy is based on the fundamental principles of Ayurveda. The basic tenet of Naturopathy is to live according to the laws of nature: disease occurs due to the accumulation of toxins in the body, and to cure the ailment, the body is purified with the use of natural methods, dietary regulations and exercise. Unani: The Unani system originated in the fourth and fifth century BC in Greece under the patronage of Hippocrates and Galen.The system is based on the Humoural theory that good health depends on the balance of the four humours: blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile. Siddha: Siddha means a â€Å"master† thus the name denoted the mastery of such practices. The most famous of the siddha was Nagarjuna, whose forms the basis of this system. The distinctive features of siddha are its reliance on minerals and metallic compounds, and its emphasis on rejuvenation therapies. Homeopathy: The term homeopathy comes from the Greek word ‘homios’ means like and ‘pathos’ means suffering. Homeopathy works by looking at the symptoms, will take into account the individual’s mental, physical, emotional and spiritual health before deciding the treatment. Homeopathy is based on the principles that ‘like cures like’.Source: Chakravarth, Kalyan, Kumar, C H. Ravi and K, Deept (2008). 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